用草酸除鐵銹是除不凈的，暫時性的。此反響Fe+++(棕褐色) Fe++(淺綠色)是可逆反響，殘留在織物上的Fe++經(jīng)烘干，日久見空氣氧化又從頭變?yōu)镕e+++，只要在草酸中增加其它酸性絡(luò)合劑或選用其它除鐵銹的化合物，使其構(gòu)成穩(wěn)定的絡(luò)合物或螯合物才干除盡。
Removing oxalic acid from oxalic acid is not pure and temporary. The reaction of Fe++ (brown) Fe++ (light green) is reversible. After drying, the residual Fe++ on the fabrics can be oxidized by air for a long time and become Fe+++. Only by adding other acidic complexing agents in oxalic acid or selecting other rust removing compounds, can the stable complexes or chelates be eliminated.
在洗刷餐飲部小方巾時，使用了洗衣房增白粉和氯漂粉、次氯酸鈉但作用欠安，嚴峻發(fā)灰原因：
When washing the kitchen towels in the catering department, special bleaching powder, chlorine bleaching powder and sodium hypochlorite were used, but the effect was unsatisfactory, and the causes of severe greying were as follows:
①在水洗之前要了解洗刷方巾區(qū)域的水質(zhì)性質(zhì)，是軟水仍是硬水，如果是硬水，就闡明鈣鎂離子及金屬離子含量高，那么在洗刷時有必要增加軟水劑，在后處理時有必要要用中和劑。
(1) Before washing, it is necessary to understand the water quality of the area where the square towel is washed. Soft water is still hard water. If it is hard water, the content of calcium and magnesium ions and metal ions is high. So it is necessary to add softener in washing and use neutralizer in post-treatment.
②洗刷毛巾時，*選用氧漂粉與洗衣粉一同進行洗刷，不要選用氯漂粉，由于氯漂粉是強氧化性，對毛巾很簡單損害。
(2) When washing towels, * choose oxygen bleaching powder and washing powder together for washing, do not choose chlorine bleaching powder, because chlorine bleaching powder is strong oxidation, towels are very simple damage.
③硬水可發(fā)生鈣鎂離子構(gòu)成鈣鎂皂，鈣鎂皂自身就是一種污垢，俗稱為皂垢或堿花。鈣鎂皂的殘垢難以除凈，長期堆集它就會破壞纖維和色素，使衣服、棉織品變得略硬，失去光澤，并改動色光，對纖維的危害性很大，呈現(xiàn)變脆、折斷、牢度降低等現(xiàn)象。鐵在水中以離子或離子化合物形式存在，如沉積在織物上或成為棕色斑駁，會使白色織物全體變黃，使帶色織物色澤變暗，并對漂白劑具有一定催化作用，嚴峻的還會導致織物破損。
Calcium and magnesium ions can occur in hard water to form calcium and magnesium soap. Calcium and magnesium soap itself is a kind of dirt, commonly known as soap scale or alkali flower. Ca-Mg soap residue is difficult to remove, long-term accumulation of it will destroy fiber and pigment, make clothing, cotton fabrics become slightly hard, lose luster, and change the color of light, great harm to the fiber, showing brittle, broken, fastness reduction and other phenomena. Iron exists in water in the form of ions or ionic compounds, such as deposited on the fabric or brown mottle, will make the white fabric yellowing, make the color of the ribbon fabric darkening, and have a certain catalytic effect on bleaching agent, severe will also lead to fabric damage.
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